Appendix 2: Forms of Χόλος Discussed in Part II The Accusative Case (14 total) Group 1. παύω + χόλον at the bucolic diaeresis Iliad 9.459 ἀλλά τις ἀθανάτων παύσεν χόλον ὅς ῥ’ ἐνὶ θυμῷ Iliad 15.72 τὸ πρὶν δ’ οὔτ’ ἄρ ἐγὼ παύω χόλον, οὔτε τιν’ ἄλλον Odyssey 4.583 αὐπὰρ ἐπεὶ κατέπαυσα θεῶν χόλον αἰὲν ἐόντων … Read more
Appendix 1. Forms of Κότος Discussed in Part I Group 1 Iliad 8.449 ὀλλῦσαι Τρῶας, τοῖσιν κότον αἰνὸν ἔθεσθε Iliad 16.449 υἱέες ἀθανάτων, τοῖσιν κότον αἰνὸν ἐνήσεις Odyssey 11.102 λήσειν ἐννοσίγαιον, ὅ τοι κότον ἔνθετο θυμῷ Odyssey 13.342 πατροκασιγνήτῷ, ὅς τοι κότον ἔνθετο θυμῷ Group 2 Iliad 1.82… Read more
Chapter 12. Conclusions and a Comparison {232|233} I began this study by reviewing the extensive literature on anger in Homer, with a view to finding a method that attends closely to Homeric poetic practice even as it looks to other disciplines including anthropology and linguistics. Such a project seems to be a comparative literature of early traditions and texts; but comparative literature also needs to compare literatures. Read more
Chapter 11. The Culture and Poetics of Χόλος in the Iliad {204|205} The complexities of khólos also take us into the realm of poetics, especially in terms of the formulation with which this study began, Calchas’s own statement: eí per gár te khólon ge kaì autêmar katapépsēi … (Il. 1.81), “For even if he should digest it completely in a day …” And this is no chance… Read more
Chapter 10. The Embassy, Χόλος, and the Iliad’s Genre Iota sings the EmbassyAnd brave Achilles’ stern reply. Chapman {186|187} With the epigraph from Chapman’s translation of Iliad 9, I mean to turn our focus to the nature of Achilles’ reply, what Chapman calls its sternness. This translator of the Iliad sees quite clearly the importance of Iliad 9: Achilles’ reply… Read more
Chapter 9. Fighting Deeds ἐπέων κεχολωμένος ἠδὲ καὶ ἔργων (Il . 11.703) {162|163} In the preceding chapter, khólos emerged in the context of speeches in which a character speaks out of anger or where the speaker elicits an angry reply, or both. In these instances, the angered party has a specific motive derived from the immediate context. But, as we will now… Read more
Chapter 8. Fighting Words {140|141} In his definition, Calchas suggests that khólos, unlike kótos, can be brought under control. In this chapter, I will elaborate on the limitations of that control, by showing that certain kinds of speech may stimulate khólos, whereas for kótos that is an impossibility. First, responses to khólos can be styled as formal challenges, often in the manner of the invective. Second, I… Read more
Chapter 7. The Beginning of Χόλος {126|127} As we have seen, khólos comes to be identified by its endpoint, a feature that accords well with Calchas’s indication that it can be consumed “in a day” (autêmar, Il. 1.81). Can we also expect that it can be located as to its beginning, the moment at which a character comes to be angry? And will we also find moments… Read more
Chapter 6. Helen’s Cure and the End of Anger {108|109} In Part I, I surveyed and analyzed the language of kótos to show the validity of Calchas’s definition in Il . 1.80-83; in addition to confirming Calchas’s formulation, I concluded that comparative evidence locates this term for anger in the institution of the feud. Since only part of Calchas’s formulation has been elucidated, in Part II I… Read more
Chapter 5. Anger’s Aggression: The Wrath of Feud {96|97} I began this study with a close look at the terms of Calchas’s definition (Il . 1.80-83), especially because he uses three categories to define the two different kinds of anger, khólos and kótos. Those three categories were time, social status, and the body. We proceeded to examine the features of Homeric diction that characterize kótos in the… Read more
