Poetry as Performance: Homer and Beyond

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Appendix

1. Testimonia on the Kreophuleioi of Samos

In Plutarch’s Life of Lycurgus 4.4 we read how Lycurgus the Lawgiver acquired the Homeric poems from the descendants of Kreophylos in Samos and brought the poems back to the Spartans: ἐκεῖ δὲ καὶ τοῖς Ὁμήρου ποιήμασιν ἐντυχὼν πρῶτον, ὡς ἔοικε, παρὰ τοῖς ἐκγόνοις τοῖς Κρεοφύλου διατηρουμένοις, καὶ … ἐγράψατο προθύμως καὶ συνήγαγεν ὡς δεῦρο κομιῶν. ἦν γάρ τις ἤδη δόξα τῶν ἐπῶν ἀμαυρὰ παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν, ἐκέκτηντο δὲ οὐ πολλοὶ μέρη τινά, σποράδην τῆς ποιήσεως, ὡς ἔτυχε, διαφερομένης· γνωρίμην δὲ αὐτὴν καὶ μάλιστα πρῶτος ἐποίησε Λυκοῦργος. (Besides Κρεόφυλος, Κρεώφυλος is also attested in the textual transmission, as in Strabo 14.1.18 C638; also Callimachus Epigram 6.4, where the ω is guaranteed by the meter.) In Aristotle F611 Rose, we read: Λυκοῦργος ἐν Σάμῳ ἐτελεύτησε. καὶ τὴν Ὁμήρου ποίησιν παρὰ τῶν ἀπογόνων Κρεοφύλου λαβὼν πρῶτος διεκόμισεν εἰς Πελοπόννησον. The expression hoi apógonoi Kreōphúlou ‘the descendants of Kreophylos’ is equated with the epithet Kreōphúleios in Iamblichus Life of Pythagoras 2.11: μετὰ τοῦ Ἑρμοδάμαντος μὲν τὸ ὄνομα, Κρεοφυλείου δὲ ἐπικαλουμένου, ὃς ἐλέγετο Κρεοφύλου ἀπόγονος εἶναι, Ὁμήρου ξένου τοῦ ποιητοῦ. On the contacts of Pythagoras with Hermodamas the Kreōphúleios, see Neanthes FGH 84 F 29, Diogenes Laertius 8.2 (cf. Richardson 1975.75). See also Porphyry Life of Pythagoras 2: ἐπανελθόντα δ᾽ εἰς τὴν Ἰωνίαν ἐντεῦθεν τὸν Πυθαγόραν πρῶτον μὲν Φερεκύδῃ τῷ Συρίῳ ὁμιλῆσαι, δεύτερον δ᾽ Ἑρμοδάμαντι τῷ Κρεοφυλείῳ ἐν Σάμῳ ἤδη γηράσκοντι. Also Life of Pythagoras 15: νοσήσαντα δὲ τὸν Φερεκύδην ἐν Δήλῳ θεραπεύσας ὁ Πυθαγόρας καὶ ἀποθανόντα θάψας εἰς Σάμον ἐπανῆλθε πόθῳ τοῦ συγγενέσθαι Ἑρμοδάμαντι τῷ Κρεοφυλείῳ. Also Suda π 3120: <Πυθαγόρας,> Σάμιος, φύσει δὲ Τυρρηνός, Μνησάρχου υἱὸς δακτυλιογλύφου. νέος δὲ ὢν σὺν τῷ πατρὶ ἐκ Τυρρηνίας ᾤκησεν εἰς Σάμον. {226|227} οὗτος ἤκουσε πρῶτος Φερεκύδου τοῦ Συρίου ἐν Σάμῳ, εἶτα Ἑρμοδάμαντος ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ Σάμῳ, ὃς ἦν ἀπόγονος Κρεοφύλου, εἶτα … The story as reported by Aristotle, in the passage already cited, that Lycurgus died in Samos, the same place where he acquired the Homeric poems for the Spartans, can be compared to the variant story that he died in Crete, the same place where he acquired the Laws for the Spartans (on the latter variant, see N 1985.78).

2. An ancient bibliography of the writings of Demetrius of Phalerum

The bibliography of Demetrius of Phalerum, as given by Diogenes Laertius 5.80–81: Πλήθει δὲ βιβλίων καὶ ἀριθμῷ στίχων σχεδὸν ἅπαντας παρελήλακε τοὺς καθ᾽ αὐτὸν περιπατητικούς, εὐπαίδευτος ὢν καὶ πολύπειρος παρ᾽ ὁντινοῦν· ὧν ἐστι τὰ μὲν ἱστορικά, τὰ δὲ πολιτικά, τὰ δὲ περὶ ποιητῶν, τὰ δὲ ῥητορικά, δημηγοριῶν τε καὶ πρεσβειῶν, ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ λόγων Αἰσωπείων συναγωγαὶ καὶ ἄλλα πλείω. ἔστι δὲ τὰ Περὶ τῆς Ἀθήνησι νομοθεσίας α´ β´ γ´ δ´ ε´, Περὶ τῶν Ἀθήνησι πολιτειῶν α´ β´, Περὶ δημαγωγίας α´ β´, Περὶ πολιτικῆς α´, β´, Περὶ νόμων α´, Περὶ ῥητορικῆς α´ β´, Στρατηγικῶν α´ β´, Περὶ Ἰλιάδος α´ β´, Περὶ Ὀδυσσείας α´ β´ γ´ δ´, Πτολεμαῖος α´, Ἐρωτικὸς α´, Φαιδώνδας α´, Μαίδων α´, Κλέων α´, Σωκράτης α´, Ἀρταξέρξης α´, Ὁμηρικὸς α´, Ἀριστείδης α´, Ἀριστόμαχος α´, Προτρεπτικὸς α´, Ὑπὲρ τῆς πολιτείας α´, Περὶ τῆς δεκαετίας α´, Περὶ τῶν Ἰώνων α´, Πρεσβευτικὸς α´, Περὶ πίστεως α´, Περὶ χάριτος α´, Περὶ τύχης α´, Περὶ μεγαλοψυχίας α´, Περὶ γάμου α´, Περὶ τοῦ δοκοῦ α´, Περὶ εἰρήνης α´, Περὶ νόμων α´, Περὶ ἐπιτηδευμάτων α´, Περὶ καιροῦ α´, Διονύσιος α´, Χαλκιδικὸς α´, Ἀθηναίων καταδρομὴ α´, Περὶ Ἀντιφάνους α´, Προοίμιον ἱστορικὸν α´, Ἐπιστολαὶ α´, Ἐκκλησία ἔνορκος α´, Περὶ γήρως α´, Δίκαια α´, Αἰσωπείων α´, Χρειῶν α´.

3. An anecdote indirectly reflecting on the custom of consecutive recitation by rhapsodes and on the negative attitude of Alexandrian scholars concerning the performance of poetry:

Vitruvius on Aristophanes of Byzantium, T 17 in the Aristophanes edition of Slater 1986. Vitruvius preface to 7.4–7, ed. Fensterbusch: reges Attalici magnis philologiae dulcendinibus inducti cum egregiam bybliothecam Pergami ad commune delectationem instituissent, tunc item Ptolemaeus infinito zelo cupiditatisque incitatus studio non minoribus industriis ad eundem modum contenderat Alexandriae comparare. {227|228} Cum autem summa diligentia perfecisset, non putavit id satis esse, nisi propagationibus inseminando curaret augendam. itaque Musis et Apollini ludos dedicavit et, quemadmodum athletarum, sic communium scriptorium victoribus praemia et honores constituit. his ita institutis, cum ludi adessent, iudices litterati, qui ea probarent, erant legend. rex, cum iam sex civitatis lectos habuisset nec tam cito septumum idoneum inveniret, retulit ad eos, qui supra bybliothecam fuerunt, et quaesiit, si quem novissent ad id expeditum. tunc ei dixerunt esse quondam Aristophanen, qui summo studio summaque diligentia cotidie omnes libros ex ordine perlegeret. itaque conventu ludorum, cum secretae sedes iudicibus essent distributae, cum ceteris Aristophanes citatus, quemadmodum fuerat locus ei designates, sedit. primo poetarum ordine ad certationem inducto cum recitarentur scripta, populous cunctus significando monebat iudices, quod probarent, itaque, cum ab singulis sententiae sunt rogatae, sex una dixerunt, et quem maxime animadverterunt multitudini placuisse, ei primum praemium, insequenti secundum tribuerunt. Aristophanes vero, cum ab eo sentential rogarentur, eum primum renuntiari iussit, qui minime populo placuisset. cum autem rex et universi vehementer indignarentur, surrexit et rogando impetravit, ut paterentur se dicere. itaque silentio facto docuit unum ex his eum esse poetam, ceteros aliena recitavisse; oportere autem iudicantes non furta sed scripta probare. admirante populo et rege dubitante, fretus memoriae certis armariis infinita volumina eduxit et ea cum recitatis conferendo coegit ipsos furatos de se confiteri. itaque rex iussit cum his agi furti condemnatosque cum ignominia dimisit, Aristophanen vero amplissimis muneribus ornavit et supra bybliothecam constituit.