II.2 Discourse acts: The domain of particle analysis §1. The present chapter builds on the discussion of discourse segmentation set out in IV.3, so to facilitate understanding I briefly summarize the ideas set out there, where the reader may find a fuller discussion and references. In ancient philosophy and rhetoric, language was described in terms of períodoi, kôla, and kómmata. All three terms are hard to define, and our understanding… Read more
II.1 Introduction §1. Homer and Pindar [1] represent the earliest and most important poetic genres of Archaic and Classical Greece: epic and lyric. Similar to drama, epic and lyric performance was social, interactive, and often ritual. There was a rhythm to Homeric epic and a melody to Pindaric song that is lost to us, which can at best be approximated with the aid of meter. Read more
Index Locorum Aelius Herodianus General Prosody 515-520: I.2§78n164. Aeschylus Agamemnon 10: III.2§52n121, 14: III.2§53n124, 32: III.2§52n121, 76: III.2§54n130, 105: III.2§52n121, 122: III.2§24n46, 134: III.2§52n122, 154: III.2§52n122, 192: III.2§24n46, 205: III.2§24n46, 214: III.2§52n122, 218: III.2§24n46, 222: III.2§54n130, 228: III.2§24n46, 248: III.2§24n46, 254: III.2§54n130, 259: III.2§52n121, 264: III.4§29n56, 267: III.2§53n124, 268: III.4§46n108, 268: III.5§44n80, 269: III.2§85n201, 269: III.4§42n95, 270: III.4§48n114, 271: III.2§56n134, 274: III.4§35n70, 275-281: III.3§91t22, 276: III.2§85n201, 278: IV.2§104n166, 278: III.4§35n70,… Read more
I.7 Particle index ἀλλά as priming act in Her. 8.108.4 IV.5 §63 marking dispreferred responses in A., S., E., and Ar. III.4 §54 reflecting explicitly subjective discourse in A., S., E., and Ar. III.2 §§64-68 ἄρα accessing the discourse memory in Hom. II.4 §§38-41, §§50-53; II.5 §§51-62 distribution in A., S., E., and Ar. III.2 §96 marking epistemic stance in… Read more
Bibliography [Jump to letter: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z] (Anonymous). 1824. Lexicon Thucydidaeum: A Dictionary in Greek and English, of the Words, Phrases, and Principal Idioms, Contained in the History of the Peloponnesian War of Thucydides. London. https://archive.org/stream/lexiconthucydida00lond#page/174/mode/2up. Abbott, T. K. 1890. “On δή after Relatives in… Read more
I.5 Particle frequencies in Homer, Pindar, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes, Herodotus, and Thucydides We started our investigation by looking at the following frequencies. They concern the “core” items of a list inherited by previous scholarship, and the frequencies relate to the authors of our corpus. All numbers are as given by the TLG. All frequencies are in percentages of all words. All texts include fragments, if these are available in… Read more
I.4 General conclusions §1. Ιn this chapter we outline the value of our work for the study of Greek particles on the one hand, and archaic and classical Greek literature on the other. By “conclusions” we do not mean that we will be summarizing the outcomes of our various analyses on particles, particle combinations, and discourse phenomena. For these discussions we direct your attention to the ad hoc conclusions found… Read more
I.3 Approaches to particles and discourse markers Annemieke Drummen 3.1 Introduction §1. I.2 offers an overview of the scholarship on Greek particles up to the beginning of the Renaissance. The first authors in this period who paid considerable attention to the description of Greek words were Budaeus (Budé) in his Commentarii Linguae Graecae from 1529, and Stephanus (Estienne) in his 1572 Thesaurus Linguae Graecae. Devarius, a Greek scholar working in… Read more
I.2 From σύνδεσμοι to particulae Mark de Kreij 2.1 Introduction §1. The group of lexical items generally called particles has never been clearly defined. Despite many attempts, no one has yet succeeded in isolating them based either on their form or their function. [1] The ancient grammarians had the same problem, barring the fact that they did not have to wrestle with the term particles,… Read more
I.1 General introduction §1. The study of ancient Greek particles has been an integral part of the study of the Greek language from its earliest beginnings. Among the first parts of speech to be distinguished in Greek scholarship were the σύνδεσμοι (“combiners”), which include the later category of particles. [1] In the Renaissance, Matthaeus Devarius – a Greek scholar working in Rome – published a… Read more
